The CD2 by Flow Cytometry (Blood) test evaluates the presence and proportion of CD2 surface markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes. CD2 is a key co-stimulatory glycoprotein expressed on mature T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells, playing an essential role in cell adhesion and immune activation.
Using fluorescently labeled antibodies, flow cytometry precisely analyzes single cells to quantify T-cell populations. Clinicians order this test to help diagnose and monitor primary immunodeficiencies, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), T-cell lymphomas, and other lymphoproliferative disorders. It also assists in tracking immune reconstitution following bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The CD19 test is a specialized blood test that measures the percentage and absolute number of CD19-positive B lymphocytes in your immune system. CD19 is a key surface biomarker found exclusively on B cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies to fight infections.
Clinicians primary use this test to monitor and evaluate immune deficiencies, autoimmune disorders, and blood cancers like chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is also crucial for tracking patient response and immune system recovery during targeted immunotherapy treatments, such as anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy or targeted monoclonal antibody drugs like rituximab.

The CD16/CD56 test is a specialized diagnostic evaluation in immunopathology used to identify and quantify Natural Killer (NK) cells. CD56 serves as a primary surface marker for NK cells and a subset of T-cells, while CD16 acts as an Fc receptor involved in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
Performed via flow cytometry on peripheral blood, this dual-marker panel assesses overall NK cell population, maturity, and function. It is essential for evaluating primary immunodeficiencies, investigating recurrent pregnancy loss, and diagnosing NK-cell or T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Detecting CD16/CD56 expression provides critical data for staging hematologic malignancies and monitoring immune system status.

The CD15 test is a diagnostic laboratory evaluation used in hematopathology to detect expression of the CD15 cell-surface carbohydrate antigen (3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine). Expressed prominently on mature neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes, CD15 serves as an important marker in immunophenotyping.
Conducted via immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry on blood, bone marrow, or tissue biopsies, this test is critical for diagnosing Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, where CD15 is typically positive on characteristic Reed-Sternberg cells. It also aids in identifying granulocytic differentiation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Evaluating CD15 expression assists clinicians in accurate cancer subtyping, staging, and determining optimal targeted therapies.

The CD14 test is a diagnostic evaluation in hematopathology used to detect the CD14 cell-surface protein, a key co-receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Expressed heavily on monocytes and macrophages, CD14 serves as a primary marker for identifying monocytic cell lineages.
Conducted via flow cytometry on peripheral blood or bone marrow samples, this test helps clinicians distinguish monocytic leukemias from other myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. It is particularly valuable for diagnosing Acute Monocytic Leukemia (AML-M5) and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML). Detecting CD14 expression provides essential insights for accurate disease classification, prognostic assessment, and guiding targeted treatment strategies.

The CD13 test is a diagnostic laboratory evaluation used in hematopathology to detect the expression of the CD100/CD13 surface protein, also known as Aminopeptidase N. Naturally expressed on mature and immature myeloid cells, CD13 serves as an essential marker for lineage identification.
Conducted using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry on blood or bone marrow samples, the test helps pathologists differentiate myeloid lineage leukemias from lymphoid malignancies. It is particularly vital for diagnosing Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and identifying myeloid differentiation in acute leukemias. Ultimately, detecting CD13 assists clinicians in precise cancer subtyping, determining prognosis, and planning targeted therapeutic strategies.

The CD10 test is a diagnostic laboratory evaluation used in hematopathology to identify the CD10 protein, also known as Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Antigen (CALLA). Expressed on pre-B lymphocytes and germinal center B-cells, CD10 serves as a key cell-surface marker.
Using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry on blood, bone marrow, or lymph node samples, the test helps clinicians distinguish specific lymphomas and leukemias. It is particularly crucial for diagnosing Pre B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Follicular Lymphoma, and Burkitt Lymphoma. Ultimately, detecting CD10 expression aids doctors in precise cancer subtyping, risk stratification, and selecting targeted treatment plans.

The CD5 test is a diagnostic evaluation used in pathology and hematology to detect the expression of the CD5 protein on immune cells. CD5 is a cell-surface marker naturally present on mature T-lymphocytes and a small subset of B-lymphocytes.
Performed via flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry on blood, bone marrow, or tissue biopsies, the test helps clinicians distinguish and classify specific blood cancers. Abnormal expression of CD5 on B-cells strongly points toward conditions like Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Ultimately, this test plays a vital role in accurate cancer staging, guiding targeted therapies, and monitoring treatment response.

A Complete Blood Count (CBC), often referred to as a Complete Hemogram Test, is a foundational diagnostic blood panel that evaluates overall health. It measures essential blood components, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets, alongside differential counts and cell indices. This comprehensive profile helps physicians detect a wide range of conditions, such as anemia, active infections, inflammation, clotting disorders, and nutritional deficiencies. By providing a detailed snapshot of cellular health, the CBC Complete Hemogram serves as a routine screening tool and a vital step in monitoring existing medical conditions.

A Complete Blood Count (CBC), often referred to as a Complete Hemogram Test, is a foundational diagnostic blood panel that evaluates overall health. It measures essential blood components, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets, alongside differential counts and cell indices. This comprehensive profile helps physicians detect a wide range of conditions, such as anemia, active infections, inflammation, clotting disorders, and nutritional deficiencies. By providing a detailed snapshot of cellular health, the CBC Complete Hemogram serves as a routine screening tool and a vital step in monitoring existing medical conditions.

A Complete Blood Count (CBC) and Peripheral Blood Smear test provide a comprehensive evaluation of your blood's health and cellular structure. The CBC quantifies key components, including red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets, to screen for conditions like anemia, infections, and clotting disorders. Complementing this, the peripheral blood smear involves examining a thin layer of blood under a microscope to evaluate the size, shape, and appearance of these cells. Together, these complementary diagnostic tests offer critical insights, helping clinicians identify abnormal cell morphology, detect underlying blood disorders, and effectively guide targeted medical care.

A catecholamines test measures the levels of stress hormones—adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine)— circulating in your blood or urine. Produced primarily by the adrenal glands, these vital hormones help your body manage physical and emotional stress by regulating heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism. Doctors typically order this diagnostic test to investigate persistent hypertension, headaches, sweating, or rapid heartbeats, and to screen for rare, hormone-secreting neuroendocrine tumors like pheochromocytomas. Accurate results help clinicians pinpoint underlying endocrine disorders, ensuring patients receive timely and appropriate medical interventions.