A buccal mucosa biopsy (small, under 1 cm) is a minor, routine outpatient procedure used to diagnose various oral lesions, chronic ulcers, or abnormal tissue changes inside the cheek. During the test, a local anesthetic is applied to numb the area before the doctor gently removes a tiny tissue sample measuring less than 1 centimeter. The procedure typically takes only a few minutes and causes minimal discomfort. Afterward, the sample is sent to a pathology laboratory for microscopic examination to identify conditions like inflammation, infections, or pre-cancerous cells, ensuring accurate diagnosis and prompt, effective treatment planning.