The CD14 test is a diagnostic evaluation in hematopathology used to detect the CD14 cell-surface protein, a key co-receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Expressed heavily on monocytes and macrophages, CD14 serves as a primary marker for identifying monocytic cell lineages.
Conducted via flow cytometry on peripheral blood or bone marrow samples, this test helps clinicians distinguish monocytic leukemias from other myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. It is particularly valuable for diagnosing Acute Monocytic Leukemia (AML-M5) and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML). Detecting CD14 expression provides essential insights for accurate disease classification, prognostic assessment, and guiding targeted treatment strategies.