The **Anti-Hepatitis B Envelope Antibody (AHBe) - Total** test (also known as the Anti-HBe or HBeAb test) is a crucial blood marker used to monitor and evaluate a Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

This test detects total antibodies produced by the body’s immune system to target the Hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg), a protein associated with active viral replication. A positive or reactive result generally signals "seroconversion"—meaning the immune system is gaining control, viral multiplication is slowing down, and the patient's infectivity (risk of transmitting the virus to others) has significantly decreased. Doctors use it alongside other HBV tests to determine the infection stage and assess treatment success.

The **Anti-Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Total** test is a primary screening blood test used to detect antibodies manufactured by the immune system in response to a Hepatitis C virus infection.

A "reactive" or positive result indicates exposure to the virus at some point in time, though it cannot distinguish between an active, ongoing chronic infection and a past infection that has cleared spontaneously or been successfully treated. Because these antibodies persist long-term, a positive total antibody screening must always be followed by an HCV RNA quantitative PCR test to confirm the current presence of the active virus.

The **Anti-Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) IgG** test is a serological blood test used to detect Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the Hepatitis E virus.

A positive or reactive IgG result indicates that an individual has been exposed to HEV in the past. Because IgG antibodies develop during the recovery phase and persist in the bloodstream for years, they signify long-term immunity or a resolved, historical infection rather than an active illness. To diagnose an ongoing, acute Hepatitis E infection, clinicians evaluate these results alongside clinical symptoms, liver enzyme panels, and HEV IgM or HEV RNA PCR tests.

The **Anti-Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) IgM** test is a serological blood test designed to detect Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, which the body produces in response to a sudden, acute Hepatitis E virus infection.

Because IgM antibodies appear early during the initial phase of exposure and typically decline within a few weeks to months, a positive or reactive result serves as a strong diagnostic indicator of a current or very recent infection. Clinicians rely on this critical marker to differentiate acute illness from historical exposure (IgG) and to promptly manage or monitor acute liver inflammation.